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13.12


\begin{proof}$\sum_{x\in F_p}x^t=\sum_{i=0}^{p-2}(a^i)^t= \sum_{i=0}^{p-2}(a^t)^i =((a^t)^{p-1}-1)/(a^t-1)$. \end{proof}

Jukna 2003-01-15